foto Ikan Nila yang mati akibat kondisi air yang buruk

Ikan Nila Jantan (atas) dan Ikan Nila Betina (bawah) yang mati akibat dari buruknya kualitas air pada kolam. kematian ikan nila ini tidak disebabkan oleh penyakit atau parasit, tetapi ikan nila ini mati karena kondisi volume air kolam yang sedikit akibat dari sumber irigasi sebagai sumber air kolam tidak mengalir.

pada waktu itu tidak ada air sedikitpun yang masuk ke kolam. sehingga kolam tidak terisi oleh air, dan kondisi kolam tanahnya sedikit porous sehingga air kolam secara drastis menurun, kolam tidak mampu menahan air lama. selain kondisi tanah kolam yang jelek kematian ikan nila ini juga disebabkan oleh kondisi cuaca yang panas, sehingga kolam airnya panas dan semakin menyusut akibat penguapan. Dengan air kolam yang menyusut maka ruang gerak ikan menjadi kecil dan suplai oksigen untuk respirasi ikan menjadi berkurang. dengan kondisi air seperti ini ikan nila tidak mampu bertahan dan ikan menjadi stres, selama 12 jam ikan nila pun mati.

pada kejadian di atas hal yang perlu diperhatikan untuk mencegah atau menanggulangi agar tidak terjadi kematian yang masal yaitu :

1. jika sumber air pada kolam menyusut dan tidak ada air yang masuk sedikitpun maka kita harus cepat-cepat memindahkan ikan nila ke kolam lain atau bak yang sebelumnya sudah dipersiapkan.

2. mencari tahu informasi kepada orang, karena jika unit perkolaman yang sumber airnya berasal dari irigasi maka bisa terjadi penyusutan air di irigasi, penyusutan air ini bisa disebabkan oleh beberapa hal diantaranya yaitu perbaikan tanggul irigasi, perbaikan kirmir saluran irigasi yang otomatis ketika melakukan perbaikan tersebut maka air perlu disusutkan. penyusutan air pada irigasi ini bisa terjadi akibat bencana alam seperti banjir yang menyebabkan tanggul irigasi jebol.
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kolam / bak penjajaan ikan

kolam / bak penjajaan ikan
bak penjajaan ikan biasanya terbuat dari bak tembok. hal ini disebabkan bahwa bak tembok lebih kuat dan tahan lama. Ukuran bak penjajan ikan biasanya tidak terlalu besar. yaitu sekitar 2 x 1,5 m. Untuk bak penjajaan yang tidak mempunyai sumber air masuk biasanya menggunakan pompa air sebagai alat sirkulasi agar ikan tetap hidup dan segar. Sirkulasi air dengan menggunakan pompa ini berfungsi untuk mensuplai oksigen ke air di dalam bak. karena oksigen dalam bak ini relatif sedikit akibat dari kepadatan tinggi dan tidak adanya pergantian air baru. bak penjajaan ini dibuat tidak hanya satu buah tetapi bisa 5, 6, 7 maupun lebih tergantung dari kebutuhannya. banyaknya jumlah bak ini disesuaikan dengan ukuran dan macam-macam jenis ikan. jadi setiap bak diisi dengan satu jenis ikan dan dengan ukuran tertentu.

http://hobiikan.blogspot.com/



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Making Homemade Carp Fishing Baits With Shellfish And Fibre To Improve Your Catches!

Making Homemade Carp Fishing Baits With Shellfish And Fibre To Improve Your Catches!
by: Tim Richardson


The use of crushed oyster and egg shell, wheat and oat brans and other natural fibre substances in carp baits improve catches significantly! But why is this, how do they work and how can you seriously boost your big carp catches using them? Read on to find out more and multiply your catches right now!

Chitin is an amino polysaccharide made up of glucosamine linkages that form hard outer and inner coating of many terrestrial, marine and aquatic organisms including crustaceans, molluscs, and arthropods. It is the most common polysaccharide in nature so it is a very useful substance to many creatures! Typically it is found in crab, lobster, crawfish, shrimp, krill, prawns, crayfish, clams, mussels, oyster, and squid among others, but it is also found in cell walls of fungi and algae.

As crustaceans, molluscs and arthropods are regularly consumed by carp in their natural diets, it is obvious they not only gain benefits from chitin and the related chitosan it in various ways directly and indirectly, but are highly sensitised to these and their effects. (Carp will even be sensitive to theses things absence from your baits!) Chitosan and chitin are known to boost the immune system and this is also one of the hidden factors and impacts of yeasts and yeast extracts in carp baits.

More knowledgeable bait designers know that including a proportion of soluble as well as insoluble fibre is vital for improving bait digestion and bait transit among many other vital factors especially in lower temperatures where carp metabolism slows down! This whole subject is not merely restricted to things like wheat, oat bran (plus wheat germ,) whole or crushed hemp, chocolate husk, desiccated coconut, and Niger seeds for instance; there are very many more substances to exploit to achieve competitive bait edges!

Chitin is soluble in acid gut conditions. It can even be broken down as an instant energy source because it is a polysaccharide like sugars. Chitosan is a form of sugar found in crustacean shells such as those of crabs and shrimps. It is marketed as a health supplement to help with aging problems and joint mobility etc but it has many other benefits besides these. It is taken as a health supplement all around the world and is now used as an anti-microbial agent in operations to suppress bacterial and yeast infections and it has proven to reduce oxidation in sea food lipids for instance!

Years ago I used to think that adding a crunch-factor to my baits was the only reason for adding such materials to your baits. But being adding carbonates to your baits has very many further benefits for those thinking carp anglers with a creative mind. It is true however that roughage such as this in bait improves bait transit through the gut and can improve bait digestion and bait performance over all in many ways in the long and short-terms.

Chitosan binds to acids, cholesterols and lipids which form non-digestible complexes that are excreted and lead to improved metabolism, energy and more balanced health. The lowering of cholesterol in the liver leads to activation of expression of low density lipoprotein (bad cholesterol) receptors in the gut which leads to an increase of low density lipoproteins from the bloodstream sent to the liver.

This lowers overall cholesterol and bad blood cholesterol levels regularly when chitosan is consumed regularly. This is one of the big secrets of many carp bait ingredients, additives and various substances. Their ability to improve liver, heart and circulatory health, balance and energy by balancing cholesterol levels and helping regulate energy intake and usage is vitally important and the carp feeding trigger betaine has related importance in this regard too! All this proves powerfully significant boost to metabolism naturally.

Oat and wheat bran, and bean and pulses provide soluble dietary fibre and like chitosan which is also a soluble fibre, they lower cholesterol levels and betaine is involved in this. Maize and sweetcorn contain both soluble fibre and betaine plus saccharides. This helps really explains a lot about their effectiveness as instant carp baits!

Chitin and chitosan absorb metal cations that catalyse oxidative reactions. Chitosan consumption leads to reduction in fatty liver because it binds to cholesterols and bile acids etc and removes them from the system. This leads to the liver having to produce more bile acids and so reducing cholesterol levels n the liver. It is notable as it contains free amino groups too. Adding oyster shell to your homemade boilies for instance adds essential dietary calcium to the carp diets as well as other less obvious health benefits.

The way and rate of energy processing in a carp body are all part of the metabolism of the fish and this involves oxygen in many chemical reactions. This aerobic metabolism involving oxidative reactions generate harmful chemicals called reactive oxygen species and free radicals in the body which are to only a degree dealt-with by the natural defence systems of the body. These radicals damage DNA and can lead to imbalances in body systems producing diseases such as major circulatory and heart problems and cancers among many other problems.

Now antioxidants fight and prevent the build-up of these nasty free radicals that cause the oxidation of lipids, proteins, sterols and nucleic acids. Various potent antioxidative substances act as vital natural antioxidative enzymes, hydrogen donors, metal chelators and singlet oxygen quenchers. You will probably recognise some or all of these as some as used more than others with very great success in carp baits:

Carotenoids, (and carotenes,) polyphenols, tocopherols as found in teas for instance, ascorbic acid, and many others. You might note that Robin Red and many herbs and spices contain potent antioxidant properties as does yeast extracts which act as antimicrobials in the body. Polyphenols are a huge group of varied compounds with huge health and stimulatory benefits and even truly addictive effects! Carp bait ingredients are so much more than just about direct nutritional stimulation. Any extra benefits can very definitely give your bait many added competitive edges over other carp anglers baits! Read my biography to find out much more!

By Tim Richardson.


About The Author
Now why not seize this moment to improve your catches for life with these unique fishing bibles: “BIG CARP FLAVOURS FEEDING TRIGGERS AND CARP SENSES EXPLOITATION SECRETS!” “BIG CARP AND CATFISH BAIT SECRETS!” And “BIG CARP BAIT SECRETS!” For these and much more now visit: baitbigfish; the home of the unique world-wide proven homemade and readymade bait success secrets bibles!

The author invites you to visit:
http://www.baitbigfish.com
Article Source:
http://www.articlecity.com/articles/recreation_and_sports/article_3616.shtml



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Faktor Penting dalam pembuatan kolam terpal

Faktor Penting dalam pembuatan kolam terpal

Terdapat beberapa faktor penting yang harus diperhatikan dalam pembuatan kolam terpal, diantaranya sebagai berikut.

a. Jenis ikan yang akan dibudidayakan. Hal ini karena tidak semua ikan cocok dibudidayakan dalam kolam terpal. Bahkan, ada beberapa jenis ikan yang tidak cukup hanya dengan air sebagai media hidupnya, tetapi membutuhkan media tambahan berupa lumpur. Sebagai contoh, belut membutuhkan dasar kolam yang berlumpur tebal dan mengandung bahan organik.

b. Ukuran ikan. Hal ini karena ukuran ikan berpengaruh terhadap ketinggian kolam. Sebagai contoh, untuk benih gurami yang masih kecil tidak dianjurkan untuk diletakkan ke dalam kolam yang dibuat terlalu tinggi, tetapi sebaiknya cukup 60 cm dengan ketinggian air 20-40 cm.

c. Keseimbangan antara volume air dengan kerangka penyangganya harus kuat. Bila volume air atau volume media lumpur (untuk belut) bertekanan cukup besar, kerangka penyangganya harus kuat. Begitu pula dengan kemampuan bahan terpalnya, bila tipis, sebaiknya tidak meletakkan ikan dengan volume yang besar sehingga tidak jebol.

d. Dasar untuk peletakan kolam terpal harus rata, begitu pula dengan kerangka tidak berbahan tajam yang dapat membuat terpal sobek atau berlubang. Bila tanah dasar tidak rata, sebaiknya diberi lapisan dari pelepah batang pisang atau sekam padi. Untuk kerangka yang menggunakan bambu belah, sebaiknya belahannya diletakkan di bagian luar dan jika kerangkanya terbuat dari besi, sebaiknya jangan gunakan yang mudah berkarat karena bisa membuat terpal sobek.

e. Pada waktu panen dan pascapanen diperlukan perlakuan yang baik sehingga terpal tidak rusak dan dapat digunakan untuk operasional berikutnya.

f. Saluran pembuangan air kolam yang dibuat dengan cara melubangi terpal sebaiknya dilakukan dengan hati-hati sehingga terpal tidak bocor atau dengan membuat saluran pembuangan sistem kapiler (dengan selang sedot).

sumber : Cahyo Saparinto, Penebar Swadaya, 2009
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budidaya ikan - Fish blogs : http://hobiikan.blogspot.com/

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Great Nutritional Carp Fishing Bait Food Supplements And Flavours!

Great Nutritional Carp Fishing Bait Food Supplements And Flavours!
by: Tim Richardson

How do you get even more bites from bigger fish? The answer is give them more of what they essentially need by leveraging nutrients as one example in your baits, by adding readymade easily-available high protein liquids. With over 3 decades of experience using liquid foods I can tell you a few of the best and how to use them to best effect; so read on!

If you want to boost your catches or make your baits pull more fish packing your baits with essential amino acids and betaine is easy although far from limited to just these. The daily requirements carp have for all kinds of nutrients means that we have a vital area of leverage to exploit. It is logical that carp are extremely sensitive to substances that keep them alive - betaine is one of them! (In fact we humans have an essential requirement for betaine too and it is found naturally in our tissues.)

Now if your baits have enough good reasons for carp to consume them they will have many advantages over a range of less nutritionally-stimulating baits. But do remember that nutritional is only one part of bait formulation as many substances which are not directly nutritional in nature can very much influence fish responses and behaviours in the short and long-terms.

Whenever carp are possibly deficient in any of their essential nutrients, the inclusion of many of the most stimulatory of these nutrients in sufficient levels may be just enough to achieve a hooked fish when less nutritional baits may well fail.

The Rod Hutchinson brand is the oldest established bait company in carp fishing, and started in the late Seventies. If you want to know a few of the names that epitomise the pedigree and success of this company just consider just these 2 giants in terms of carp bait flavours namely, Scopex and Monster Crab.

Other great flavours I have used with very satisfying and consistent success over the last 3 decades include:

Megaspice, Mega Tutti Fruitti, Maplecreme, chocolate Malt, Strawberry Cream and Pineapple Cream, Secret Agent and Mulberry Florentine.

I wish to give Rod his well-deserved dues in recommending his completely trustworthy nutritional supplements which have caught me loads of bigger carp and other fish in all kinds of baits for 30 years. I have added various of these to my homemade boilies, pellets, ground baits, particles, natural sea food baits, meat and other baits, plus used them to top readymade baits of many of the big UK bait companies. My list includes:

Shellfish Sense Appeal, Regular Sense Appeal, Maplesteep Liquor, Amino Blend Supreme, Aminos Blend Swan Mussel, The Liver Compound, Compound TF, and Solutein.

There is a wealth of very productive and long-proven liquid foods and flavours available and please take note of this lesson. Some of the best products Rod Hutchinson ever brought out ended up being discontinued because shops wanted to condense their range of bait products. Some of these withdrawn flavours were some of the very best that Rod has ever had but had yet to become legendary in public perception. By all this I mean that there are definitely giants like Scopex and Minamino out there and it is up to you to experiment and decide which products you are going to make legendary through your catches and resultant opinion! Experimentation in bait-making is highly productive I can assure you! Some of the flavours I am also very keen on from Ccmoore, include:

Anchovy Extract, Ultra Green-Lipped Mussel Essence, Ultra Peardrop Essence, Ultra Belachan Essence, Ultra Bloodworm Essence, Ultra Cranberry Essence, Ultra Tuna Essence, Ultra Tangerine Essence and Ultra Honey Essence, (among others.) I have recently been doing very well on a combination of Ccmoore Crab Essence mixed with Frankfurter Essence plus various essential oils and other liquid extracts.

Ccmoore have become well-renowned for their liquid food supplements like the Rod Hutchinson brand and some of these liquid foods are really becoming legendary in their own right. Ccmoore have 12 generations-worth of animal nutrition and feed experience going in their liquid food supplement designs and this background is an indication of their potency! Some of the Ccmoore liquid foods I have used with complete confidence and great success especially when targeting bigger fish include:

Feedstim XP, Marine Amino Compound, Red Venom Liquid, Bloodworm Extract, Mussel Extract, Liquid Super Slop, and liquid Salmon and Krill - which is a genuine legend in the making. You can use these either individually in any of your baits or in mixtures as I do. (Your baits really do become fish magnets!)

The secret in using natural liquid foods is in keeping them present in high enough levels in your swim, at all times and this is connected very much to your free-baiting skills and experience and the profiles of the baits you apply in terms of free amino acid-based liquid foods and other naturally soluble extracts etc.

Rod Hutchinson used to recommend low levels of his Regular Sense Appeal around 30 milliliters per pound of base mix early on as I recall, but I put lots more in and my results got better as a result. It was a real breakthrough for me to discover I could add loads more liquid attraction to my boilie base mixes than just the 5 millilitres of flavour and perhaps 30 milliliters of liquid foods.

This success illustrates that thinking about your baits, avoiding standard recommendations and experimenting yourself can really work well! This is especially when your homemade baits and fishing experiments are based on real-time catches-feedback. This means you will know very quickly exactly when you have a winner! The impregnation of machine-extruded pellets with nutritional oils improves their attraction and similar things work in regards to flavours, liquid foods and a range of baits including readymade baits, homemade boilies, pellets, particles, meat and fish baits etc.

Watering down your eggs with liquid foods and other liquids means your baits work more like pastes as they become more water-soluble and are both able to adsorb and absorb water far better into the bait as well as leaching far more liquid attraction. These few factors alone seriously boost bait performance. For more information see my biography!

By Tim Richardson.


About The Author
Now why not seize this moment to improve your catches for life with these unique fishing bibles: “BIG CARP FLAVOURS FEEDING TRIGGERS AND CARP SENSES EXPLOITATION SECRETS!” “BIG CARP AND CATFISH BAIT SECRETS!” And “BIG CARP BAIT SECRETS!” For these and much more now visit Baitbigfish; the home of the world-wide proven readymade and homemade bait making success secrets bibles!

The author invites you to visit:
http://www.baitbigfish.com
Article Source:
http://www.articlecity.com/articles/recreation_and_sports/article_3617.shtml
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Carp Fishing Bait And Tackle Tips To Catch More Big Fish!

Carp Fishing Bait And Tackle Tips To Catch More Big Fish!
by: Tim Richardson

Anyone can catch carp but it is only a small proportion of anglers that catch the biggest fish most frequently! To become one of this special group is the goal of countless carp anglers today. Here are a few very well proven innovative bait tips that you and your carp will find highly stimulating!

Firstly, how many of you use meat baits? Luncheon meat, spam, turkey grill, ham and similar meat baits were exceptionally popular baits in the past before boilies and pellets became all the rage and very many famous carp anglers learnt their trade using this along with bread, sweetcorn, specially-prepared high protein pastes, trout pellets and other fish and bird and pet food baits.

I ask this question because this is a neglected area in carp fishing today, now so many anglers exclusively are using baits like boilies, pellets, natural baits and particles like maggots, fake plastic boilies and rubber sweetcorn. Among the best aspects of meat baits is they are very easily available, are alternative baits that carp do not see all the time and so learn to deal better with and do not fear to the extent of many other bait formats.

One of the best features of meat baits such as luncheon meat is that it has an unusual rubbery texture, is high in attractive oils, yet is water soluble, is nutritious and can be flavoured too. Various bait companies offer flavoured luncheon meat and similar products. Everyone knows luncheon met is a proven bait for lots of species including carp, catfish and barbel in specimen sizes. There is lots you can do with it to improve results that the majority of anglers forget.

For instance you can exploit various brands in your free-baiting so it is far more effective, rather like using very soluble ground baits like tiny pellets. All you need to do is use a few different brands and see which spam and luncheon meats have more or less water content, fat content and actual meat content. Usually a guide to this is the order and percentage of such ingredients in order stated on the label, with the largest ingredients per volume stated first. This means that some meats with have far more water or fat in them compared to other and also less meat. The ones with more meat are often much less water soluble and are best for resilient hook baits, while the more water and fat-filled ones make for excellent free baits.

One of the big plusses about meats is you can cut them instantly into any size and shape you like and so make them harder for carp for instance to deal with. The various brands also vary in their relative densities and buoyancies and this can all be used in various ways to your advantage to hook many more fish. I began fishing luncheon meat in the Seventies by actually fishing tiny cubes on the point of a size 10 hook and using a light running lead rig, a hook link of only 3 or 4 inches, a tight line and a very light indicator on the line with the rod pointing straight at the lead. This produced so many carp for me compared to other methods that I still use variants of it using various baits in my fishing for carp today.

As meat can be cut, various specialist and homemade tools can be used to generate uniform or odd-shaped free baits. I really favour using 2 different brands of luncheon meat for instance within my ground baits and PVA bag mixes and big carp love it! I have always found that using nearly square or rectangular baits are much harder for carp to deal with and eject than all those uniformly round shaped baits that the majority use. In the Eighties I used to cut my boilies into squares and in so doing it made them smaller. Strangely enough, this resulted in captures of many carp that had not been caught for a long time, some often with smaller mouths than you would expect for their size, especially in regards to common carp.

I have also found over the years that using a much more water soluble meat bait in a large size on a hair immediately by the hook, and alongside a boilie or pop-up bait has worked wonders for tripping up many wary carp over thirty and forty pounds. I evolved this further and often make homemade balanced protein pastes which are peppered (literally) and liberally, with small pieces of luncheon meat and even tiny chopped bits of worms and sea foods such as mussels, scallops, prawns, squid, and others.

I often made homemade pastes using many forms of oily fish like tinned salmon, anchovies and sardines, mackerel and herring, tuna and cod roe and other goodies. I place my paste actually around the hook and around baits on the hair rig too. This works so well in obscuring the hook from wary eyes and when it breaks down leave an irresistible pile of tiny food items that really trigger feeding and seriously improve numbers of bites from big wary fish.

A variation on this is to prepare homemade balls of ground bait that have been super-boosted with very well chosen forms of amino acid-rich ingredients and additves which often make the soluble and digestible content of many readymade baits look pretty impotent by comparison! I could add things like nucleotide enhancers, amino-rich palatants and complexes of many kinds, flavoured oils, essential oils and many other liquids and additves.

I generally use the very most potent products I can source especially when it comes to making homemade hook baits and PVA bag type mixes. Soaking luncheon meat baits in cubes and cylinders etc (in various sizes) for a few days, in special preparations really works! You might just go for conventional additives hat carp get to experience all the time and may begin to be wise to, such as marine halibut pellet oil, tiger nut oil and extract. Take it from me that adding aniseed oil and fennel oil to meats makes all the difference in colder temperatures as well as being excellent for summer use in high levels!

I especially recommend you try always to be as different and alternative as possible in preparation of your baits because it is this that multiplies your catches of the bigger, older most experienced and wary carp, most of all! For starters you might make a liquid soak using Ccmoore Marine Amino Compound with Feedstim CP or Odyssey XP liquid.

I used to use Rod Hutchinson Shellfish Sense Appeal or Nash Strawberry or Peach palatants but I have found methods to make my own unique amino acid complexes from fermented liver and natural flavour compounds among other goodies that save me an absolute fortune in homemade bait and I very rarely use readymade baits.

I use things like kelp, yeasts and Robin Red to make my own homemade liquid extracts using various special techniques to make such things even more potently bioactive. I am keen on many flavours and flavour components although I research them all as much as possible in terms of their possible bioactivity and past track record, as well as sourcing ones not known by the majority through my horticultural and health food trade contacts developed over 30 years and more.

One product I really do rate at the top of my list for productivity and great value is the hydrolysed salmon protein from CW Baits. This used with a combination of their natural flavours, pure salmon oil, betaine HCL and liquid lecithins is a great starting point liquid for all homemade bait enthusiasts as well as those anglers wishing to differentiate and boost their readymade baits! For a vast amount of unique information on improving baits visit Baitbigfish. Good luck and tight lines!

By Tim Richardson.


About The Author
Now why not seize this moment to improve your catches for life with these unique fishing bibles: “BIG CARP FLAVOURS FEEDING TRIGGERS AND CARP SENSES EXPLOITATION SECRETS!” “BIG CARP AND CATFISH BAIT SECRETS!” And “BIG CARP BAIT SECRETS!” You can find these at my dedicated website NOW!

The author invites you to visit:
http://www.baitbigfish.com


Article Source:
http://www.articlecity.com/articles/recreation_and_sports/article_3618.shtml
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Why Not Bait For Carp And Catch Many More Fish Using This Free Fishing Article!

Why Not Bait For Carp And Catch Many More Fish Using This Free Fishing Article!
by: Tim Richardson

Why not catch more carp now by discovering more about many essential carp bait ingredients that carp must eat in order to actually survive! The leverage of these substances will help you get many more fishing bites and bigger fish - so read on and find out more!

Eating food keeps us and fish alive but in both cases this involves the body producing heat as a result of chemical reactions involved in digestion and the supply and use of oxygen in body metabolism. Heat is a very crucial aspect to exploit in carp bait design but there are many things to exploit in increasing your bait performance with more efficient delivery in effect of that vital energy needed for survival in carp baits; and these seriously turn carp on big-time...

All biological systems obey the law of thermodynamics; which is the balance of energy needed to sustain and maintain an organism to enable it to survive. Energy needs and losses from bodily maintenance and swimming activities (including respiration and muscular actions of the heart for instance,) must be available first before more energy is made available for growth. Survival always comes first and is a powerful aspect of carp bait design in many obvious and far more potent but more obscure ways that everyone can exploit!

Fish eat firstly to provide for their key energy needs in order to survive, just like other animals. Just see the very significant energy requirements of explorers going up Everest, or the poles and you will see how important energy supplied by food really is. Part of the demise of the Captain Scott disaster was due to the effects of insufficient energy derived from the available allocated daily food ration which in effect led to the men catabolising (in effect cannibalising) their own bodies. There is a very significant difference in the composition and profiles of the foods which supply the most energy for fish compared to a human however.

Humans utilise carbohydrates primarily while fish utilise proteins to a far greater extent. Lipid, oil or fat sources are still the most efficient energy source for both although this is very easy to over supply as with applying high oil carnivorous fish pellets (e.g. salmon pellets) to carp, or humans living on high oil and high carbohydrate junk food diets with little quality proteins and other nutrition (and little physical activity to balance things).

The bulk of scientific data on essential carp nutritional requirements has mostly been the result of carp trials in artificial conditions such as in tanks, clear water intensive farming aquaculture systems, and intensive culture conditions in clay pond culture conditions with very high stockings of fish etc. But all these conditions have not truly been representative of the actual carp needs of the fish we are fishing for in our carp fisheries stocked with other fish and complicated by a huge array of other variables.

Even using data from the formulation of feeds for carp is if used directly is not necessarily ideal for our purposes in designing baits because our aim is not maximum growth of fish, but in realistic terms, optimum attraction and feeding stimulation qualities and other characteristics which ensure advantages over competing baits for example.

Aquaculture feed development is an ever changing science in itself. Formulas for different carp species, stages of development, various temperature regimes and various specific purposes and needs and more, such as flesh colouration and taste etc, all come into play and are not all relevant for our needs as anglers.

However, certain feed aspects are extremely useful such as stimulatory growth and feeding trigger substances. Commercial fish feeds and mostly aimed at maximising energy and nutritional needs in farmed carp for the best carp growth rates at least cost and wastage in feed to the farmer financially (and least feed energy loss in the fish themselves!)

The questions of boilie, pellet and ground bait actual biological conversion rates and nitrogen waste build-up in our fisheries are very important. Because fishing baits used as free feed are subject to bacterial activity, fortunately uneaten feed enters the ecosystem in other ways and does not become harmful in the huge majority of fisheries, except perhaps in the case of tiny de-oxygenated waters in high summer temperatures perhaps.

Studies by various universities and individuals have shown that wasted nutrients from fishing baits very rarely build up like some anglers imagine and it normally takes far more free bait to harm a fishery than is used by most anglers today. (Of course very many carp have become educated into actually eat bait as it breaks down because it is often safer to eat than get getting hooked on fresh whole often still relatively dehydrated carp baits.)

The fact that carp get to practice avoiding uniform round baits 24 hours a day and all night all week, all month all year round now leads very many of them to become exceptionally sensitive to any presence of rigs. So many carp are now incredibly skilled at loosening hooks and ejecting hooks without giving even a single bleep in very many cases! Even fishing for small fish that are fished for with match tackle can be extremely difficult to hook using conventional rigs and bait dimensions and dynamics as these fish have evolved behaviours to avoid getting pricked by hooks except very lightly, so enabling them to shake or slip or loosen hooks out even while hovering motionless above a heavy lead rig or a light running lead rig for instance.

But this is part of the reason many carp in much pressured so many fish avoid capture for long periods of months or years and this aspect of carp fishing is a big challenge for anglers in many fisheries in the UK. When you consider that many big wary carp in the UK binge feed on totally soft washed-out whole and broken-down baits a number of days after they have been introduced into swims is also a challenge to overcome. Basically the problem provides the solution here and certainly in the case of hook baits, the solution to solving this problem is obvious!

Bait designs and bait applications specifically for overcoming this problem are very valuable and are well proven for many bigger warier fish in UK waters and this is something I’ve personally have had to become well versed in like many other anglers.

The major area of fish farming concern is that of the biological conversion of feed and feed energy into growth and marketable fish mass. This is a world away from what we anglers really need which is a bait a fish will actually mouth and preferably consume repeatedly having even sampled just one bait. Much of the time it is obviously beneficial to have fish already in an intensely stimulated excited mode of feeding behaviour to produce maximum chances that fish will make mistakes on our rigs and get hooked more easily.

It is worth remembering that feeding behaviours begin not with the consumption of food but it’s detection at stages previous to this by any or all carp senses combined. Carp can filter feed and derive nutritional benefits from leached substances coming from baits in the water, without actually eating them; and this is something else to exploit!

The application of carnivorous fish feeds used in bulk predominantly for carp is a health concern because fish like salmon have a greater lipid demand (for basic energy needs) than of carp. Use of these feeds can lead to vitamin E deficiency and other imbalances rather like those suffered by junk food addicts and you can give carp too much stored energy for their own good! There are many other differences between carp, catfish and salmonids feeds and although the same feeds will be fed on by the other species this does not mean they ideal for long term health when applied in bulk.

Those amino acids which form the protein foods we feed carp and trout are not going to have the same effects in the same way on similar sensory systems of different species of fish either. Fish are sensory specific and even taste specific in many ways.

The recommended optimum dietary requirements of carp are not necessarily equal to the ideal stimulatory attractiveness of a fishing bait because of the other factors needing to be enhanced, reduced or overcome. For instance one ingredient might become a deterrent if that bait has been used to hook enough fish enough times, then fish will by their survival instinct often totally refuse it or feed on it in much more creative and surprising ways to avoid becoming hooked!

One key point is that you do not need to have a complete food bait to catch carp. You can of course go down the route of covering as many possible potential essential dietary needs as possible and produce a balanced bait, but this is only one part of the equation because individual fish just like individual humans may well have unique needs and slightly different preferences and health needs and deficiencies at any point of time in the year. Some fish will be far more vulnerable to capture at certain times of year when their energy and nutritional needs are maybe no so well met.

One big challenge for us anglers is the competition from natural food available to carp which has incredible dynamics in regards the position and effects of baits in an ecosystem for instance among other things. The abundance of regular quantities of carp baits entering a fishery can obvious lead to an increasing of the availability of natural foods.

Where fishing baits are regularly introduced the balance of natural food items in this chain can be changed in various ways with many impacts on fish feeding, location and patrolling patterns and behaviours.

In some cases at times abundant fishing baits actually make it harder to catch some fish because they are able to exist on natural foods exclusive to fishing baits – and become even more so as more becomes available... The abundance of regular quantities of carp baits entering a fishery can obviously lead to an increasing of the availability of natural foods.

Often a fish is far more vulnerable to capture despite its survival instincts and avoidance of fishing baits, if it cannot get enough essential nutrition by exclusively eating natural food items only. This could express itself in many ways in catch results and energy is an important feature too on this point. For instance, how often do rarely caught fish get landed during the depths of winter, or immediately before or after spawning? It’s all food for thought that can lead to better catches...

The information on essential dietary needs of carp most often does not take into account the presence of natural food in the presence of a test food item such as that of milk casein and gelatine. In fact it really makes a big difference when you consider that a carp is fully designed to fully digest and utilise its natural food items as opposed to an artificial food item composed of many foods such as in a boilie bait or pellet designed for salmon, trout or even specifically designed for carp!

The actual energy and nutrient requirements of carp compared to the actual biological conversion and energy supplied by anglers baits may very well not be as great nor as efficient as thought by anglers...

Many anglers think about their baits in terms of nutrition but really miss the other points about actual feeding stimulation processes and mechanisms. In the real world, what if you have raised the level of natural food organisms because of the abundance of bait fed into a lake? What if the fish can pick and choose whether they actually need fishing baits to supply any needs at all at any particular point in the year?

When I began carp fishing in the 1970’s a couple of cans of luncheon meat or sweetcorn, or a pound of homemade boilies, ground bait, paste bait or a pint of maggots or a loaf of bread would have been easily enough bait for a successful 12 hour trip. Now it is easily possible to introduce 1000 boilies upon arrival and get a fish hooked within 10 minutes on some waters. It seems very obvious that the use of more bait (despite far higher stocking levels,) has affected feeding behaviours at certain times of the year especially during the colder months.

It is true that the majority of the fish you could fish available to you prior to the boom in carp fishing in the UK were of double and single figures and it has been said that at that time there were as many twenty pound fish in Kent waters as the rest of the waters in the UK put together. Obviously a new carp angler in the UK today could never fully appreciate just what catching a twenty pound carp meant at that time and the opportunity to actually fish a water that held a thirty pound fish was incredibly exciting.

It is funny to think now today that once upon a time catching twenty individual twenty pound carp in a (UK) carp season fishing from June to March, was a very tough goal just 20 years ago on most UK waters. But I know for certain this can be achieved in under a week on the right UK waters today.

I myself caught 23 carp in 5 days and nights, averaging just under twenty pounds, at Shotgate reservoir in 1991, (topped by a mid thirty pound fish.) This type of result is very possible for anyone utilising good bait application on many waters today. It still seems incredible to me today that on many UK waters today, if you said you had caught 20 carp over twenty pounds in a whole year at a water then you would most likely not be regarded as a particularly good angler.

I caught 60 twenty pound carp and 10 thirty pound carp over one June and July period at an Essex water, and 15 forties at a Sussex water in one and a half seasons; and these kind of statistics are rather more unusual but very significantly the result of bait knowledge and its powerful leverage. To be totally honest you can catch more many more big fish by getting educated far more about bait design and its effects and applications because it is such a powerful leveller of fishing skills, talent and experience.

Even to catch 3 twenty pound plus fish in an hour, or 5 twenty pound plus fish in just 2 hours is not particularly unusual today - when you know what you are doing with bait application on the right UK waters. It’s a proven fact that discovering more about bait generously pays you back - big-time so visit my unique bait secrets website Baitbigfish right now and get catching more fish for life!

By Tim Richardson.


About The Author
Now why not seize this moment to improve your catches for life with these unique fishing bibles: “BIG CARP FLAVOURS AND FEEDING TRIGGER SECRETS!” “BIG CARP AND CATFISH BAIT SECRETS!” And “BIG CARP BAIT SECRETS!” For much more now visit http://www.baitbigfish.com home of world-wide proven readymade and homemade bait success secrets bibles!

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Article Source:
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